Which Bird Are You?

Early Bird Or Night Owl?

Thursday, July 16, 2015

Good sleep habits can boost attention, decision-making and the ability to resist impulses



A new review of the evidence finds,

        Good sleep habits can:
  • boost attention, 
  • boost decision-making and
  • boost the ability to resist impulses. 
    Good sleep habits include:
  • going to bed at the same time every night, 
  • avoiding caffeine late in the day and 
  • allowing time to mentally wind-down before bedtime.

Professor June Pilcher, who led the study, said:

“Self-control is part of daily decision-making.  When presented with conflicting desires and opportunities, self-control allows one to maintain control.  Our study explored how sleep habits and self-control are interwoven and how sleep habits and self-control may work together to affect a person’s daily functioning.”

Professor Pilcher explained the review’s conclusions:
“Poor sleep habits, which include inconsistent sleep times and not enough hours of sleep, can also lead to health problems, including weight gain, hypertension and illness 


Studies have also found that sleep deprivation decreases self-control but increases hostility in people, which can create problems in the workplace and at home.”

Since sleep and self-control are so intimately connected, improving sleep can help in many ways,
Professor Pilcher said:

“Many aspects of our daily lives can be affected by better-managed sleep and self-control capacity.


Improved health and worker performance are two potential benefits, plus societal issues such as addictions, excessive gambling and over spending could also be more controllable when sleep deficiencies aren’t interfering with one’s decision making.”

The study was published in the journal Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (Pilcher et al., 2015)
.



Self-control image from Shutterstock
About the author
Dr Jeremy Dean is a psychologist and the author of PsyBlog and HealthiestBlog.com
You can follow PsyBlog by email, by RSS feed, on Twitter and Google+.

PUBLISHED: 10 JULY 2015 - 

How to Wake Up Early


How to Wake Up Early
Four Methods:

  1. Retraining Yourself
  2. Sleeping Better
  3. Waking Easier
  4. Lifestyle Changes

To effectively wake up early, you'll have to reset your sleep schedule, develop effective waking-up-early habits, and become more of a morning person than you currently are.


Method 1 of 4: Retraining Yourself

Pick your goal wake-up time. If you'd like to get good at being ready and raring to go by 6 AM, here's your goal. This will be the goal you're working toward every day of the week. You're going to do it gradually, though, as to avoid shocking your system.

Every day of the week, including weekends until you're completely reprogrammed, there won't be any sleeping in whatsoever.  Once you get it down, you won't need to sleep in.

Set your alarm clock 15 minutes earlier than normal. If you're normally sleeping till 9, going cold turkey and aiming for 6:30 just isn't going to happen. Well, it could happen once, but then you spend the entire day drinking coffee and regretting your life decisions. For the next day, set it for 8:45. The next day? 8:30. And even when you hit that glorious Saturday, chuck off 15 minutes until you hit your goal wake-up time.

If mornings are a serious issue for you, stay at one level for two days. Monday and Tuesday can be spent at 8:00 and then on Wednesday bring it down to 7:45.

Give yourself enough time for a good night's rest. If you're used to sleeping from 12 to 9, you can't still go to bed at midnight and expect that 6 AM wake-up call to be all trumpets and roses. As you get up earlier and earlier, go to bed earlier and earlier. The goal isn't to need less sleep (sleep, after all, is wonderful), the goal is just to wake up earliereasier. Science tells us that if you get the recommended amount of sleep during the night, it's easier to do just that.

You can also try conditioning your body to need less sleep if passing on those night hours is like giving up your first born child. It's the same idea, but with maintaining a set bedtime.
Get excited. In order to hop out of bed in the morning with gusto, you may need something to hop out of bed for. So find something to get excited about! If nothing comes to mind, use this experiment as something to do full-force. After all, the path to new, more productive habits is certainly something to be proud of.
What do you have going on in the next day that you can't wait to get up for? Its size does not indicate its efficacy -- small things work just as well. Even getting excited for the morning's cup of joe works! Yum. Can you almost taste it?


Get ready for the benefits. Waking up early is linked to a bunch of different, positive things. Research says that early risers get better grades, are generally more proactive, can anticipate problems and plan better than their late-rising counterparts.[2]Hope you can handle your own impending awesomeness.
It's sort of a chicken before the egg thing. Early risers have more time for exercise, family, and more quiet time at the office (and an easier commute).[2] Is sleep making their lives better or do they sleep better because they have good lives? Try it out for yourself!
Mentally prepare yourself to wake up early. Run through your morning routine in your head so that you have a game plan for the early hours. If you have a plan, you won't need to think about it--just move.
If you need to be out the door and on your way at a certain time, think about how much time you'll need for each step of your morning routine. Consider what, if anything, you can cut out of your routine to streamline the process: do you need that shower, or that cup of coffee?
As you lay in bed, drifting off to sleep, tell yourself: "I need to wake up early tomorrow. I need to wake up at 5 a.m., make a pot of coffee, shower, shave, and be out the door by 5:45. It'll take me twenty minutes to drive to the airport, ten more minutes to get set up in the long-term parking lot, and another fifteen minutes to walk to the security check. I can grab a quick breakfast in the terminal before my flight leaves."
Method 2 of 4: Sleeping Better


Start a nighttime routine. Our bodies need to program down, in a sense. The rush of the day has us into human-sized Energizer bunnies and we can't just go from 60 to 0 in a heartbeat. Your routine should be whatever appeals to you, but it should be daily (to serve as a cue to your body) and take at least 15 minutes.
The routine can consist of showering, drinking warm milk, listening to classical music, or doing relaxing exercises such as yoga or Pilates. If you read, make sure to read without any bright lights (more on that later). Designate your bedroom for sleeping only. Refrain from any strenuous activities right before, as this will inhibit comfortable sleep time.




Dim the lights about an hour before you go to sleep. Bright lights can suppress the hormone melatonin, which can lead to sleeplessness and suppress the "tired" feeling.[3][4] Try to turn off TV screens, laptop monitors and the like an hour before you want to go to sleep.
The science behind it is that all these bright lights are messing with our body's internal clocks. When you're sitting in front of a computer, TV, and phone until 2 AM, your body has zero ideas as to what's going on; it could be 2 AM or 2 PM for all it knows. Turning off the lights lets your body realize, "Ahh, it's bedtime. Shutting down!"

Get a decent amount of shut-eye. It's a simple truth, but that doesn't mean it's any less important: sleeping enough will help you wake up earlier. What are yours?
It's easier to wake up early if you've have the recommended amount of sleep during the night. Plan on getting:

7 to 9 hours of sleep for men.[5]
8 to 9 hours of sleep for women.[5]
9 to 10 hours of sleep for pregnant women.[5]
10 to 12 hours of sleep for children and the elderly.[5]


Sleep with the curtains half-open. Sleeping with the curtains half-open could help your body to stop producing melatonin while simultaneously ramping up production of adrenaline.[6] This could help your body be ready to embrace the day by the time your alarm clock goes off.
You know how we just said light keeps you awake? Well, if you're asleep it awakens you. Crazy stuff, huh? The natural sunlight will be perceived by your body, even when you're asleep.
Sunlight can also warm your bed, letting the temperature tell you to get up, too. If that's possible, consider placing your bed in the right position in your room to utilize this effect.


Try to fall back asleep if you wake up at night. Remain in bed to avoid awakening your body should you move around. However, if you're tossing and turning for over 20 minutes, get up. Do a relaxing activity (like reading or stretching) until you feel you can go back.
Getting up in the middle of the night could be the symptom of a larger problem. Evaluate your habits and your environment. If you're doing everything right (you'll know by the end of this page), consider seeing a doctor. You may have a sleep condition that he/she can help with.


Adjust the temperature. Most doctors will tell you to keep the room somewhere between 65 and 72 degrees Fahrenheit (18 to 22°C).[7] However, what's comfortable for one person may not be comfortable for another. If you have any trouble sleeping, consider messing with the temperature. You may find your sleeping woes to vanish at the click of a button.
If you're not sleeping alone, utilize layers or the lack thereof. Try to find a common ground where you're both negotiating. Worst comes to worst, there's always heating blankets!
Method 3 of 4: Waking Easier


Put your alarm clock away from your bed. When it's out of reach, you're forced to get out of bed. Putting it next to your bed is just a temptation to hit the snooze button and fall back to sleep -- for 9 minutes. Not helpful at all.
Consider getting a new one. There are tons of alarms with different tones. Maybe yours isn't working for you, in which case, consider a new one. [8]
Be considerate of roommates and housemates. If you're sleeping in the same room as someone, tell them your plan to wake up early, and ask their permission to set an alarm. This way, they can prepare for the alarm--with earplugs, or opting to sleep somewhere else for the night--and they won't be startled awake in the morning.


Avoid snoozing your alarm clock. As soon as the alarm rings, get out of bed to start your morning. You will eventually awaken and feel better that you've persevered through morning drowsiness. Jump out of bed (as much as is feasible) and think about tackling your inevitably awesome day.
Snoozing won't make you feel more rested. Scientists have found that you don't get the more restful, REM sleep while snoozing, making this guilty pleasure especially wasteful for your wakefulness. In fact, you'll just feel worse.[9]


Wake up your senses. Once you've gotten out of bed, give yourself that much-deserved pick-me-up. It could be a cup of coffee or tea (that brewing smell will be sure to get you going), a cold glass of water, or a nice shower. Whatever it is, make sure it awakens one (or more) of your senses. When your body and mind are stimulated, you'll automatically wake up to take it in.
Light and sound work, too, in addition to taste, smell, and touch. Throw open the curtains, turn on some music, and get your day off on the right foot. The better the morning, the better the afternoon and evening!
Method 3 of 4: Waking Easier


1
Put your alarm clock away from your bed. When it's out of reach, you're forced to get out of bed. Putting it next to your bed is just a temptation to hit the snooze button and fall back to sleep -- for 9 minutes. Not helpful at all.
Consider getting a new one. There are tons of alarms with different tones. Maybe yours isn't working for you, in which case, consider a new one. [8]
Be considerate of roommates and housemates. If you're sleeping in the same room as someone, tell them your plan to wake up early, and ask their permission to set an alarm. This way, they can prepare for the alarm--with earplugs, or opting to sleep somewhere else for the night--and they won't be startled awake in the morning.


2
Avoid snoozing your alarm clock. As soon as the alarm rings, get out of bed to start your morning. You will eventually awaken and feel better that you've persevered through morning drowsiness. Jump out of bed (as much as is feasible) and think about tackling your inevitably awesome day.
Snoozing won't make you feel more rested. Scientists have found that you don't get the more restful, REM sleep while snoozing, making this guilty pleasure especially wasteful for your wakefulness. In fact, you'll just feel worse.[9]


3
Wake up your senses. Once you've gotten out of bed, give yourself that much-deserved pick-me-up. It could be a cup of coffee or tea (that brewing smell will be sure to get you going), a cold glass of water, or a nice shower. Whatever it is, make sure it awakens one (or more) of your senses. When your body and mind are stimulated, you'll automatically wake up to take it in.
Light and sound work, too, in addition to taste, smell, and touch. Throw open the curtains, turn on some music, and get your day off on the right foot. The better the morning, the better the afternoon and evening!

4
Try to wake up at the end of a sleep cycle to minimize grogginess.
When you sleep, you cycle between REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep and non-REM sleep. Non-REM sleep comprises three stages: N1 (Transition to sleep), N2 (Light sleep), and N3 (Deep sleep). You usually slip into REM sleep 70 to 90 minutes after falling asleep, and this is when most of your dreams occur.[10]
Each sleep cycle lasts roughly 90 minutes, and repeats four to six times over the course of a night. If you are awoken in the midst of N3 deep sleep, you may feel groggy and disoriented. You want to wake during the lighter, more active stages of sleep, especially REM or N1.
Try setting a wake-up time that's a multiple of 90 minutes away from the current time.
Consider using a sleep-cycle calculator like [1] to plan out the best time to wake.


Method 4 of 4: Lifestyle Changes
Exercise early enough in the day. Many doctors believe that getting in a moderately-intense cardiovascular workout during the afternoon helps people get to sleep at a reasonable time.[11] So go to the gym, join a basketball team, or bust out the dusty treadmill you've been telling yourself you'd use. It'll help you get to sleep earlier.
Try not to exercise later on at night. Exercising late at night raises your body's core temperature. Since sleep is thought to be brought on by a drop in the body's temperature, late-night exercise may be detrimental to an early night's sleep.


Avoid drinking caffeinated drinks at night. It will keep your body awake and ultimately cause insomnia. Limit your daily consumption to less than 500 mg per day.[12]
A grande brewed coffee from Starbucks has 330 mg of caffeine. [13] Red Bull clocks in at a decent 80.[14] Just for the record.


Get more sleep on days after you under-sleep. People need more sleep the next day when they fail to get enough sleep the previous day(s).[15] So if you got only 5 or 6 hours of sleep on Monday (which you shouldn't, usually), be diligent about getting 10 to 11 hours of sleep on Tuesday to compensate for your deprivation. Otherwise, you could be feeding a vicious cycle of sleepiness every morning.
Don't nap for long periods of time during the day to make up for it, however. The closer it gets to actual bedtime, the more devastating a nap can be. If you need to take a nap, try to make it before 3:00 PM, and limit it to under 45 minutes.[4] That'll provide the most rest while still giving you a good chance of falling asleep quickly later at night.

Method 4 of 4: Lifestyle Changes
Avoid eating large meals before bedtime. Not only does the rush of flavor wake you up, but once you do hit the sack, you may have a hard time staying there. Not only is it bad for your waistline, but it's bad for the next day's energy, too.[16]
Your digestion slows down when you sleep and eating a big meal beforehand makes you susceptible to heartburn (in addition to the trips to the bathroom). Going to bed in a near food coma makes it difficult to initially fall asleep, too. So it's best to just avoid it.
Tips

If you are drowsy in the morning, take a cool shower. This will raise your blood pressure and considerably awaken your body.
Before bed, tell yourself that you are going to wake up early. This often helps and you might find yourself waking up earlier then usual.
Read a book! Not a boring one, but your favorite. Your brain will automatically undergo shut-down once it gets tired from all the reading. This is will help you sleep faster.
Keep a consistent sleep schedule. Fall asleep and wake up at the same time every day.
Do physical exercises that stimulate your body. Push-ups, jumping jacks, and lunges are great for ridding morning fatigue.
If you're having trouble waking up in the morning, splash your face with cold water, or before you go to bed, put 2 spoons in the freezer and in the morning when you wake up, hold them on your eyes for about 1 minute. This really helps to open up your eyes and wake you up.
If you use a phone or electronic device as an alarm clock, make it a strange, catchy, jazzy tune that wakes you up. Also be sure to change up the alarm often so that your body does not learn to sleep through it or begrudge waking up to it.
When you wake up, go straight to the bathroom and wash your eyes and face with cold water. The abrupt chill of the water will help reduce grogginess a bit faster and bring your nerves and senses to life.
Try finding the amount of sleep that is right for you. Some people only need seven hours of sleep and feel energized in the morning. Find a week or weekend that you can go to sleep at different times and wake up at the same time. See how energized you are when you wake up.
Try Morning Matches for a lift when you are first trying to become more of a morning person. The supplement helps you physically get out of bed. You can purchase them on Amazon.



Get out of bed slowly so you won't get dizzy.
As soon as your alarm goes off, get out of bed and start on your day. It's helpful to talk yourself through the day because it keeps your mind moving towards things later in the day so you can tell yourself that you are not tired. If you constantly are reminding yourself of your day plans and insisting you aren't tired, the tiring morning hours will fly right by.
Make sure you put the alarm clock on and avoid hitting the snooze button and going back to sleep. You can get an alarm clock that vibrates in your bed or near to you , this helps a lot of deaf children too. Children and the elderly, can also use it but beware of babies as they might cry in the middle of the night or morning!
Do not sit down in your bed once you're up, for you might fall asleep!
Put your alarm clock on the other side of the room so that you have to get out of bed to turn it off.
Sleep well on the previous night. Try to go to bed early and read for a short while.
Before you go to bed, drink some milk, read or do some other relaxing activity.
Select your alarm tone to the most exiting sound you can imagine short of something terrifying. This will help you to wake up early, even if it is only just by startling yourself.
If you put an alarm on your phone, you can put a picture you love the most on the background that will help you start of with a good day.
Motivate yourself to wake up earlier. You should have a purpose to get up, make it vivid.
Make your bed immediately after you wake. This will prevent you from sleeping again.
When you wake up stretch out your body so that your muscles wake up too. Just don't stretch too hard or you could pull one!
If your alarm is set on a phone, see if you can turn the snooze off. Then, there will be no snooze button so you can't be tempted to push it.


Wednesday, July 15, 2015

Good Sleep Habits



The philosopher Aristotle said, "It is well to be up before daybreak, for such habits contribute to health, wealth, and wisdom."

"The early morning has gold in its mouth", a translation of the German proverb "Morgenstund hat Gold im Mund".

Benjamin Franklin is quoted to have said: "Early to bed and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise".

"The early bird gets the worm" is a proverb that suggests that getting up early will lead to success during the day. Which brings to mind the immediate counterpoint: "what about the early worm, shouldn't he have stayed in bed?"


For now, I will keep trying to get up by 8 a.m. because it is just about a habit...




Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waking_up_early


Saturday, July 11, 2015

Sleep is Important









Make yourself an electronic curfew, 1 hour before lights out.

Try keeping your room a cool 68-72 degrees for better sleep.

Remember everything you do, you do better with a good nights sleep. Don't take it for granted. 
Dr. Michael Breus
@thesleepdoctor

Michael J. Breus, Ph.D., is a Clinical Psychologist and a Diplomate of the American Board of Sleep Medicine.






Sleep Foundation

@sleepfoundation

Helping America sleep better! Sharing info about the importance and benefits of sleep. Visit our new lifestyle pub,, today!
 Washington DC

 Joined March 2008


Jasper the Wolverine

Uploaded on Feb 27, 2012
America the Wild: Wolverine King : SUN MAR 11 at 9P et/pt : http://animals.nationalgeographic.com...

Casey spends time with Jasper, an orphaned wolverine raised by humans, to prepare him for a meet-and-greet in the wild.


Cognitive Behavioral Therapy of Insomnia


An effective treatment for insomnia.

Post published by John Cline Ph.D. on Aug 17, 2008 in Sleepless in America


Sleeping medication, under the right conditions, can be helpful for insomnia but there are potential problems. When you are dependant on sleeping medication, episodes of rebound insomnia occur when you stop taking it. Side effects such as feeling "hung over" in the morning are common and alarming effects such as sleep walking and even sleep driving are well known.

While sleeping medication is big business, research has shown that the most effective treatment for insomnia is actually cognitive behavioral therapy. This approach to psychotherapy was originally pioneered by such leading researchers as Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck. Beck's outstanding research, theoretical formulation and clinical techniques were first published in a series of significant books and articles in the 1960's and 1970's. 

Further research since the publication of the breakthrough "Cognitive Therapy of Depression" in 1979 has shown the utility and effectiveness of this treatment approach with numerous psychological and physical disorders including anxiety, chronic pain and insomnia.

The most important aspect of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for insomnia is that it actually treats the cause of the insomnia itself - and not just the symptoms as medication does. Furthermore, CBT can be combined with medication management for patients who need rapid relief or to help initially break a pattern of insomnia.

CBT works because the primary cause of insomnia is over-arousal or a "too active" awake system in the brain. By helping reduce the arousal associated with the stressors that cause and maintain insomnia, normal sleep can be restored.

CBT helps reduce worry, anxiety, and fear that one won't sleep by providing accurate information about sleep. For example, recognizing that you may be getting more sleep than you think (due to misperceiving lighter stages of sleep as wakefulness) and understanding that you may need less sleep than you thought, can reduce anxiety about not getting enough sleep and paradoxically lead to being able to relax and sleep better. For example, the minimum amount of sleep  necessary to maintain alertness in most people is 5.5 hours. This is known as "core sleep" and is less than what most people need (link is external) to feel fully refreshed but may be adequate for normal functioning. 

Cognitive techniques help people identify, challenge and replace negative, inaccurate sleep thoughts with accurate, positive sleep thoughts. Negative sleep thoughts can occur during the night ("I won't be able to function tomorrow if I don't get to sleep soon") as well as during the day ("I got an awful night of sleep last night so I will have a terrible day at work today"). 

Positive sleep thoughts are used to counteract the negative thoughts with more accurate information ("I am not sleeping well tonight but I have had many other nights like this and have been able to function reasonably well at work anyway"). Cognitive techniques help reduce stress and allow better sleep.

Many behavioral techniques are used as part of this therapy. With sleep restriction and sleep scheduling the amount of time in bed is reduced to be closer to the amount of actual sleep the person is getting and regular sleep and wake times are maintained. 

If someone is usually sleeping an average of 6 hours a night but is spending 8 hours in bed, the recommendation will be to reduce time in bed to about 6.5 hours. This decreases the unpleasant sense of being awake in bed at night. 

By increasing the amount of time out of bed (and therefore not in light sleep that is misperceived as wakefulness), sleep drive is increased thus helping the person more rapidly enter into a deeper sleep. 

Other techniques include avoiding daytime naps (which decrease night time drive to sleep), stimulus control, sleep hygiene, and stress management. Stimulus control is based on classical conditioning effects in which long periods of being awake in bed result in association learning such that getting into bed results in the expected response of being alert and awake. 

To extinguish this response the following instructions are given: after subjectively being awake for 20 to 30 minutes, get out of bed and go to a quiet, comfortable place and relax until drowsiness occurs. At that time go back to bed. If another 20 to 30 minutes go by without falling asleep, repeat the process, doing so as many times as necessary. In time the automatic alertness is extinguished and the conditioned arousal associated with the bed is eliminated. 

Sleep hygiene involves the use of guidelines to create the best conditions and environment for sleep. An example would be avoiding caffeine later in the day. Stress management might include setting up a "buffer zone" of about an hour for winding down and relaxing before going to bed.

CBT has been tested in a number of well controlled research studies and has been found to be an effective treatment for insomnia. Of significance, a course of CBT may not only continue to have positive outcomes 12 months after completion of the program but also the effect can continue to improve long after treatment. This is because patients continue to practice the techniques and so experience further improvement with time. 

With consistent use of these methods it is possible to get a good, natural night of sleep. No pills, no dependency, no side effects- just wonderful, refreshing sleep.






Link: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/sleepless-in-america/200808/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia


Circadian Rhythm


What is the Circadian Rhythm?

Often referred to as the "body clock", the circadian rhythm is a 24-hour cycle that tells our bodies when to sleep and regulates many other physiological processes. This internal body clock is affected by environmental cues, like sunlight and temperature. When one's circadian rhythm is disrupted, sleeping and eating patterns can run amok. A growing body of research is examining the adverse health effects a disrupted circadian rhythm can have, like increasing the chances of cardiovascualr events, obesity, and a correlation with neurological problems like depression and bipolar disorder.






Your Sleep Cycle

Blue Light Hazardous to Sleep


Blue Light Hazardous to Sleep, but Helpful While Awake

Artificial light is a hazard to sleep, but beneficial to daytime function.
Post published by Michael J Breus Ph.D. on Mar 19, 2014 in Sleep Newzzz

We’re continuing to learn more about the stimulating effects of blue wavelength light and its capacity to disrupt sleep. Exposure to artificial light at night is recognized(link is external) as a hazard to sleep, contributing to rising rates of disrupted and disordered sleep. Different wavelengths of light have been shown to affect human physiology and sleep cycles in different ways. Blue light, a short-wavelength light, has been singled out(link is external) as more significantly disruptive to sleep than other colors on the light spectrum(link is external). Research has shown blue light delays release(link is external) of the sleep hormone melatonin, disrupts(link is external) circadian rhythms, and may influence negative changes(link is external) to mood. 
In our pursuit of energy efficiency, we’re finding ourselves exposed to greater amounts of blue light than ever before. High-efficiency light bulbs, as well as digital devices including smartphones, tablets, and computers, emit high concentrations(link is external) of blue light. Blue light appears to be uniquely detrimental to our sleep. But can it also be singularly beneficial during to our waking lives? 
A new study further examines(link is external) the stimulating effects of blue wavelength light, focusing on the effects of daytime exposure to the short-wavelength light. Researchers at Boston’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Philadelphia’s Thomas Jefferson University investigated(link is external) the effects on alertness and cognitiveperformance from prolonged daytime exposure to blue light. They also compared the daytime effects of blue light exposure to the effects of evening exposure to the same degree of light. Their findings confirm that blue light at night stimulates alertness and diminishes feelings of drowsiness, interfering with sleep. Exposure to blue light during the day, however, results in a similar, more welcome boost to alertness and reduction to fatigue, which stand to benefit both daytime function and nighttime rest. 
The study included 16 healthy young adult men and women. To evaluate the impact of blue light in the day and evening, researchers compared the stimulating effects of blue wavelength light to green wavelength light. Participants were exposed to equal amounts of blue light or green light for a period of 6.5 hours in the middle of a 16.5-hour waking day. Researchers measured fatigue, alertness, and performance using ratings from participants themselves, as well as tests to measure attention, response, and reaction times. Researchers also measured brain activity during periods of light exposure using EEG. Their results indicate that across all measures, extended exposure to blue light during both day and night significantly increased alertness:
  • People exposed to blue light during the day reported less sleepiness than those exposed to green light during the same daytime period.
  • People exposed to daytime blue light displayed quicker reaction times, higher levels of alertness, and greater attention spans in performance tests, compared to people exposed to green light.
  • EEG tests showed alterations to brain activity that indicated heightened alertness among people exposed to blue light during the day. 
The nighttime effects of blue light exposure were also significantly more potent than green light exposure, in ways that are disruptive to sleep: 
  • People exposed to blue light at night reported feeling significantly less sleepy than those exposed to green light in the evening hours.
  • EEG results showed heightened alertness among people exposed to blue light in the evening.
  • People exposed to blue light at night scored higher on attention and reaction performance tests than people exposed to green light during the same period.
  • Overall alertness among people exposed to blue light at night was nearly as high as daytime levels of alertness. 
These results suggest that blue light spurs alertness and reduces sleepiness in ways that are detrimental to sleep at night but may be beneficial during waking hours, in improving daytime performance and reducing daytime fatigue. What’s more, this boost in daytime alertness and decrease in sleepiness may actually help improve sleep at bedtime. Most of the research into the effects of blue light has focused on its capacity to disrupt sleep. This is one of the first studies to explore the possible benefits of blue light to daytime functioning. There is limited earlier research that supports these current results, including a 2008 study conducted in the United Kingdom. Office workers who were exposed(link is external) to blue light in the morning experienced both a reduction to daytime sleepiness and improvements to the quality of their nighttime sleep, according to the results of that investigation. 
These current finding also indicate that blue light hinders sleep in ways beyond the delayed release of melatonin, and alteration to circadian rhythms. Exposure to blue light at night spurs cognitive function and alertness in ways very similar to daytime stimulation, a change that can make sleep significantly more difficult to achieve. 
Exposure to artificial light at night—especially to the high concentrations of blue light coming from digital devices—will interfere with the ability to sleep. Too often, these devices find their way into our bedrooms(link is external), in many instances even to be used as alarm clocks. The presence of artificial light from devices like smartphones and tablets in the bedroom poses a challenge to the darkness(link is external) that is so important to normal circadian rhythm function. This nighttime light intrusion also stimulates alertness and brain activity that is counterproductive to the mind and body’s natural pull(link is external) toward sleep. 
We’re at the relative beginning of our understanding of how different forms of light affect sleep and health—and how light might be manipulated not only to protect(link is external) sleep but also toenhance(link is external) waking performance. With new technologies appearing to help provide effective lighting during the day and provide solutions for the effect of light’s interference before sleep, these issues only stand to grow in importance. As we continue to explore the effects of exposure to different forms of light, we may find that blue light poses both problems andsolutions for sleep. 


Guided Relaxation (like Jon Kabat - Zinn meditation)
http://www.thesleepdoctor.com/downloads/02BodyRelaxation.mp3
  1. Jon Kabat-Zinn
    Professor
  2. Jon Kabat-Zinn is Professor of Medicine Emeritus and creator of the Stress Reduction Clinic and the Center for Mindfulness in Medicine, Health Care, and Society at the University of Massachusetts Medical School. Wikipedia
Sweet Dreams,
Michael J. Breus, PhD
The Sleep Doctor™
www.thesleepdoctor.com

Dr. Michael Breus

@thesleepdoctor

Board Certified Sleep Specialist, author and expert. Providing information, guidance, & real solutions for a better night's !
 United States
 Joined February 2009

How Smartphones Keep You Awake - Reactions

Published on May 19, 2014
Your smartphone addiction isn't helping you sleep. In fact, an obscure chemical reaction may be keeping you awake. The latest Reactions video looks at the process that connects your late-night texts to your lack of sleep.

Your smartphone, tablet and other devices emit large quantities of blue light wavelengths. This tells your body "wake up!" when you should be getting ready to sleep. Your body gets that signal through melanopsin, a protein that hangs out behind your eye and undergoes a chemical change that in turn signals your body's master clock.

So turn off the phone long before you go to bed. It'll be there in the morning.

Thanks to Brian Zoltowski of Southern Methodist University.

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Friday, July 10, 2015

How artificial light is wrecking your sleep, and what to do about it

How artificial light is wrecking your sleep, and what to do about it

insomnia“A good laugh and a long sleep are the best cures in the doctor’s book.” – Irish Proverb
The evidence for the health benefits of adequate, restful sleep is overwhelming. Decades of research has shown that sleeping between 7 and 9 hours per night can relieve stress, reduce the risk of many chronic diseases, improve memory and cognitive function, and may even help with weight loss. (1) As many of us know by now, getting adequate, high-quality sleep is one of the most important, yet under-appreciated steps you can take to improve your overall health and wellbeing.
Yet for all we know about the benefits of sleep, there are millions of Americans who are still suffering from disordered sleep and insomnia. 35% of Americans report getting less than 7 hours of sleep per night, and 63% of Americans say their sleep needs are not being met during the week. (23) The negative effects of sleep deprivation are serious: sleep durations that are consistently shorter than 7 hours in a 24-hour period are associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors, depression, automobile and workplace accidents, learning and memory problems, and an overall increase in mortality. (4) Some may argue that poor sleep can even undo the benefits of a healthy diet and exercise routine. (56)
Could using electronics at night ruin your sleep and increase your risk of death and disease?Tweet This
So what’s causing this epidemic of sleep disruption in our country? Many experts feel that our excessive use of communications technology (e.g. cell phones, laptops, television, etc.) is driving this significant level of sleep deprivation. If this is the case, it’s no wonder so many Americans struggle with poor sleep, since 95% have reported using some type of electronics at least a few nights a week within the hour before bed. (7) Checking email, watching your favorite late-night comedian, or responding to a text message in bed seems harmless enough, but the sleep disruption caused by these light emitting devices is significant and potentially harmful to your health.
Research has demonstrated that nighttime light exposure suppresses the production of melatonin, the major hormone secreted by the pineal gland that controls sleep and wake cycles. (8) Therefore, a reduction in melatonin at night is associated with subjective levels of sleeplessness. (910) But melatonin suppression has far worse consequences than simply poor sleep outcomes: it has also been shown to increase the risk of cancer, impair immune system function, and possibly lead to cardiometabolic consequences such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and heart disease. (111213) With serious consequences like these, preventing melatonin suppression should be a top priority in anyone’s healthy lifestyle.

Blue light and melatonin suppression


It is well established that short-wavelength or “blue” light is the most melatonin-suppressive; this is the type of light typically emitted by devices such as televisions, computer screens, and cellphones. (1415) To produce white light, these electronic devices must emit light at short wavelengths, close to the peak sensitivity of melatonin suppression. (16) This means that products such as tablets, smartphones, and other devices with self-luminous electronic displays are major sources for suppressing melatonin at night, thereby reducing sleep duration and disrupting sleep. (Figure credit: Wood et al, 2013)
Melatonin graph
Along with blue light emitted from electronic devices, research has shown that being exposed to normal levels of room lighting can have similar negative effects on melatonin. One study showed that one hour of moderately bright light exposure (1000 lux) was sufficient to suppress nocturnal melatonin to daytime levels. (17) Since melatonin suppression is intensity dependent, researchers suggest that lower intensities can have similar suppression effects at longer durations; for example, two hours at 500 lux would have a similar effect as one hour at 1000 lux. (For examples of lux values, check out this helpful chart.) This means that typical room light alone can have a similar suppressing effect on melatonin secretion as the light from backlit screens. (18)

How to prevent melatonin disruption (without tossing your iPhone)


Since it is predominantly the blue wavelength that is most affective in melatonin suppression, it stands to reason that blocking this wavelength of light should be enough to significantly reduce, or even eliminate the melatonin-suppressing effects of nighttime light exposure. (19) In fact, blocking blue light has been shown in several studies to be extremely effective in reducing the melatonin-suppressing effects of intense and/or blue light. (2021)
There are a few possible solutions for reducing your exposure to blue light at night. One that is commonly used in the ancestral health community is a program called f.lux, a program that makes the color of your computer’s display adapt to the time of day, warm at night and like sunlight during the day. This program can be installed on computers, iPads, and iPhones, and may have a significant effect on your melatonin secretion when using these devices at night. The best part about this program is that it turns on automatically in response to the daylight in your particular time zone, so there’s no need to remember any adjustments to the screen.
A better option, in my opinion, is to use amber-lensed goggles once the sun has gone down. These blue-blocking lenses are highly effective in reducing the effects of blue light exposure, and in most cases completely eliminate the short-wavelength radiation necessary for nocturnal melatonin suppression. (222324) These goggles have been shown to improve sleep quality as well as mood, simply by blocking blue light and simulating physiologic darkness.
The main reason I recommend using these goggles is because normal room light alone is enough to suppress melatonin at night, and unless you’re shutting off all the lights in your house when the sun sets, you’re still at risk for disrupting your melatonin-driven circadian rhythms. (25) While f.lux is a useful tool for your backlit devices, it’s nearly impossible to address all sources of melatonin-suppressing light in today’s world of modern technology and late-night work and entertainment habits. Amber-colored goggles are one of the only tools available to completely eliminate all blue light exposure at night, without ‘going off the grid’ and powering down your entire house after 7 PM.
There are two excellent (and cheap!) options for amber-lensed goggles on Amazon.com. The cheapest and most popular option is the Uvex brand, but if you wear eyeglasses you’ll need to get a wraparound pair like the Solar Shield brand. I’ve had many patients swear by these goggles, and if you can get over the dorkiness factor, you may find they make a big difference in your sleep quality, and perhaps even your general health and well-being as well.
Have you ever used amber-lensed goggles, or f.lux, to improve your sleep quality? Share your experience in the comments below.
Note: I may earn a small commission if you use the links in this article to purchase any products or programs I mentioned. I only recommend products I would use myself or that I use with patients in my practice. Your purchase helps support this site and my ongoing research.